Laser Cavity Detection

The deep grooves on the chewing surfaces of our molars are the most common area to get cavities. In most people, the grooves are so deep and narrow, it is impossible to clean them. Over the years, bacteria can get into the grooves and grow undisturbed. The bacteria give off acids as their waste products. This acid slowly dissolves the tooth, causing a cavity.

For such a cavity to be detected by eye or x-ray, it has to have grown to a minimum size. Now there is a new tool to catch these cavities in their beginning stages, so they can be eliminated before they cause much damage.

Everything absorbs and reflects light differently. The DIAGNOdent Laser Cavity Detector by KaVo shines a laser light into the tooth and the unit is calibrated to interpret the wavelengths of light reflected back. It will buzz when a cavity is detected and gives a numerical readout, so the approximate size of the cavity can be estimated.

If such cavities are detected when they are still small enough, another new technology, known as Air Abrasion, can clean them out without any shots or drilling.

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Laser Can Find Cavities Early

BOSTON, Updated 6:47 p.m. EDT September 19, 2000 -- Dentists are using a new technology that can detect a weakness in a tooth before it becomes a cavity. That could mean no more Novocain shots and no more drills.

DIAGNOdent The device is a compact diode laser used to identify areas of tooth decay that traditional means, including x-rays, miss. DIAGNOdent shines a laser beam down into the tooth, to a depth of 2.5 mm. The device is aimed into the grooves of teeth, providing a decay reading to the dentist.

NewsCenter 5's Heather Kahn reports that DIAGNOdent is a new laser that finds hard-to-spot areas of tooth decay.

"It puts out a laser beam down into the tooth, and that light reflects back towards the laser, " Dr. Tom Orent of the Center for Esthetic Dentistry said. "If there's decay, there's a change in the wavelength. You get a reading from zero to 100 and are able to tell not only where the decay is, but how deep it is, how much decay there is."

Orent said that regular dental exams and X-rays can miss as much as three-quarters of decay. One Swiss study showed that dental exams using a pick detected 57 percent of problems, while DIAGNOdent caught 90 percent of decay. "Certainly we'll see decay if it's large, but it's too late," Orent said. "At that point, you're looking at a very difficult restoration, a large filling or in some cases even root canal."

By catching the decay early, dentists have a number of tools that can get rid of it, without Novocain or drilling. Other dentists say that more research is needed before Diagnodent is used in most dental offices, but they do agree that the technique is an exciting adjunct to x-rays and examination.

"The thing I like about it and is promising is that it is not invasive," Dr. Fred Boustany of Boston Dental said. "It provides objective measurement of the decay inside the tooth."